Who of the following early astronomers,
		a)  Aristarchus of Samos,	d)  Ptolemy,
		b)  Aristotle,			e)  Eratosthenes,
		c)  Hipparchus,
51      is partly responsible for  m1-m2=2.5log(l1/l2),
52	compiled a series of 13 volumes on astronomy known as the Almagest
53	first accurately measured the earth's radius,
54	proposed a heliocentric model based on observational evidence,
55	has a satellite now in orbit named after him?

Who of the following early astronomers
		a)  Copernicus		d)  Newton
		b)  Galileo		e)  Tycho
		c)  Kepler
56	First saw Callisto,
57	discovered the equal area law,
58	first found the sidereal period of Mars,
59	wrote The Dialogue,
60	proposed a law of universal gravitation?

Which of the following orbital features,
		a)  semi major axis,		d)  time of perihelion passage, T,
		b)  ascending node,		e)  eccentricity,
		c)  inclination of orbit plane to ecliptic plane,
61	is most unusual for an interstellar probe,
62	gives the shape of an orbit,
63	gives the size of an orbit,
64	do you associate with the Caloris Basin,
65	is related to the vernal equinox?

Which of the following atomic processes or terms
		a) fluorescence	d) free-free
		b) forbidden		e) recombination
		c) excitation
most aptly describes or relates to the
66.	transition from even to even,
67.	transition from continuum to an excited level,
68.	transition from metastable to ground level,
69.	process of line absorption,
70.	continuum or bremsstrahlung radiation?

Near which of the following 1998 dates
		a)  22 January		d)    2 July
		b)  22 March		e)  22 December
		c)  22 June
71	is Jupiter at opposition,
72	is Saturn at opposition,
73	do you add six hours to local time to get sidereal time,
74      is the zenith distance of the sun 4 degrees,
75	is earth farthest from the sun,
76	will the azimuth of sunrise be most nearly 90,
77	does the sun appear to cross the celestial equator,
78	does the sun rise due east when the sidereal time is 6AM,
79      does the sun have a declination  +23.5 degrees,
80      will the azimuth of sunset be 270 degrees,
81	does the full Moon pass nearly directly overhead in Brisbane,
82	does the Sun have a right ascension  =18h42m
83      is  beta Cen (14h) nearly overhead at 8 PM
84	is the Moon farthest from the Sun,
85	is Venus at greatest eastern elongation

86      The brightest planet seen just before sunrise is
	a) Mercury,	b) Venus,	c) Mars,	d) Jupiter,	e) Saturn.

87	At this moment the Moon's phase is best described as
		a)  last quarter,     	d)  waning gibbous,
		b)  nearly new,     	e)  waxing crescent.
		c)  nearly full,

88	At midnight tonight, the southern cross (Crux) is
		a)  below the horizon,			d)  high in the west,
		b)  in the southeast,			e)  in the southwest.
		c)  in transit,

89	The bright planet high in the very early morning sky is
	a) Mercury,	b) Venus,	c) Mars,	d) Jupiter,	e) Saturn.

90	The planet having a nearly 12 year sidereal period is
	a) Mercury,	b) Venus,	c) Mars,	d) Jupiter,	e) Saturn.

91.	Castor shines at magnitude 1.6 and Pollux at magnitude 1.1 so the two stars differ in brightness by a factor of
	a)  1.25,	b)  1.58,	c)  2.51,	d)  3.16,	e)  12.02

92	The brightest star in the sky (excluding the sun of course)
 is Sirius which shines at magnitude -1.5 and is thirteen times brighter than Mimosa.
  Mimosa shies at magnitude
	a)  0.25	b)  1.05,	c)  1.33	d)  3.31	e)  2.8

93	If a star rises tonight at 2100,  one month from now it will rise at
	a)  1900,	b)  2000,	c)  2200,	d)  2300,	e)  2030.

94	Roche's limit is or deals with
	a)  tidal disruption 				d)  the maximum size a planet can attain,
	b)  the Roche lobe in a contact binary,	e)  gravitational radiation.
	c)  the closest approach in a restricted three-body orbit,

95.	Sidereal time is
	a)  the local hour angle (LHA) of the sun,
	b)  the local hour angle of the vernal equinox,
	c)  sundial time minus twelve hours,
	d)  very nearly the hour angle of Sirius,
	e)  the local hour angle of   0h RA   plus twelve hours.

96.	The semimajor axis of Neptune in AU is
	a)  3.16,	b)  10.0	c) 31.6,	d) 100.,	e)  316.

97.	The period in years of a comet having a semimajor axis of 50 AU is about
             ***the square root of fifty cubed****
        a)  3.16,       b)  10.0        c) 31.6,        d) 100.,        e)  316.

98.	By what factor is Ceres (a typical asteroid) brighter at opposition than at conjunction?
	a)  2,		b)  4,		c)  8,		d)  16,		e)  32.

99.	The magnitude of Ceres changes from opposition to conjunction by
	a)  0.5,  	b)  1.0,  	c)  1.5,  	d)  2.0,  	e)  3.0     magnitudes.

100.	The orbital eccentricity of Ceres is
	a)  0.15,   	b)  1.0,   	c)  0.01,	d)  0.5,  	e)  1.25.


                a)  Mercury             d)  Venus
		b)  Jupiter		e)  Mars
		c)  Uranus
On or around which of the above planets will you find
101	the strongest magnetosphere,
102	the largest volcano,
103	the most active volcanoes,
104	Syrtis Major,
105	Ariel, Umbriel, Oberion, Miranda and Titania,
106	the Caloris Basin,
107	Maxwell Montes,
108	the GRS (in the STZ),
109	Kuiper,
110	Aphrodite Terra,
111	the Galileo probe,
112	Hellas,
113	the Sagan Memorial base,
114	dust storms,
115	rings.

116.    One particularly interesting application of the restricted three-body problem involves
	a)  Deimos,			d)  Vulcan,
	b)  Phobos,			e)  the Trojan asteroids.
	c)  the moons of Neptune,

117.	Mars rotation period is
	a)  10h,	b)  24h,	c)  31.4h,	d)  3.14d,	e)  31.4d.

118.	Jupiter's visual albedo is
	a)  0.15,	b)  0.51,	c)  0.77,	d)  2.07,	e)  3.14.

119.	The known number of natural satellites of Mars is
	a)  1,		b)  2,		c)  3,		d)  4,		e)  5.

120.	The most abundant molecule in the Martian atmosphere is
	a)  argon,	b) neon,	c) carbon dioxide,	d) nitrogen,	e) water.

121.	The most important benefit of an increase in large telescope aperture is
	a)  increased brightness,	d)  increased focal length,
	b)  reduced coma,		e)  increased resolving power.
	c)  smoothing out of atmospheric turbulence,

122.	The theoretical resolving power of a 1cm aperture operating in the visible (wavelength 555nm) is about 11.5 arcsec.  The theoretical resolving power of a 1.5 metre aperture is
	a)  0.015,	b)  0.075,	c)  0.15,	d)  0.75,	e)  1.5 arcsec.

123.	The theoretical resolving of a 1 metre aperture radio telescope operating at a wavelength of 1mm (in degrees of arc) is closest to
        ***57.3X1.22X0.001/1****  (57.3 degrees per radian, wavelength .001, a=1)
        a)  0.015,      b)  0.075,      c)  0.15,       d)  0.75,       e)  1.5 degrees.

124.	The exit pupil diameter for 6X18mm binoculars is
	a)  3,		b)  18,		c)  6,		d)  0.108,	e)  108mm.

125.	A 75mm f/15 refractor with a 12.5mm eyepiece yields a magnification of
	a)  6,		b)  25,		c)  90,		d)  188,	e)  937.

Which of the following,
	a)  diffraction,		d)  refraction,
	b)  dispersion,		e)  spectrograph,
	c)  spectrogram,
is or best describes
126	an instrument,
127	a record of intensity or exposure vs. wavelength,
128	responsible for the different colours in a rainbow,
129	responsible for the theoretical limit of resolution,
130	a (Snell's) law of optics.

131.    Uranus was discovered by
	a)  Adams,	b)  Herschel,	c)  Leverrier,	d)  Galle,	e)  Hipparchus.

132.	A unique feature of Uranus is the fact that
	a)  four of the five major satellites have retrograde orbits,
	b)  the SEB has the only long-lived feature,
	c)  it radiates less energy than it receives from the sun,
	d)  it has a retrograde orbit,
	e)  it has an obliquity of nearly 90 degrees.

133.	Occultations of stars by Uranus
	a)  were used to determine the radius and density,
	b)  showed a remarkable lack of hydrogen compared to Jupiter and Saturn,
	c)  were used to obtain a precise orbit,
	d)  revealed a system of rings,
	e)  revealed the atmospheric structure to a depth of almost 1000km.

134.	Neptune does not fit the Titius-Bode relation so you must remember that the distance to Neptune in AU is
	a)  37.24,	b)  19.19,	c)  36.15,	d)  30.06,	e)  25 AU.

135.	The Titius-Bode relation was so compelling that many astronomers sought a "missing planet" at a distance in AU of
	a)  5.2,		b)  3.1,		c)  1.6,		d)  2.8,		e)  7.6 AU.

136.	Baron von Zach organized a search for the "missing Planet" but in fact the first one, Ceres, was discovered before the search got underway by
		a)  Max Wolfe,		d)  Karl Gauss,
		b)  Heinrich Olbers,		e)  Karl Hencke.
		c)  Giuseppe Piazzi,

137.	Since its discovery, Neptune has gone around the sun
		a)  not quite once,		d) over three times,
		b)  rather more than once,	e) two and one-half times.
		c)  not quite twice,

138.	The discovery of Neptune was due to
		a)  Galle's charts,	d)  the success of Newtonian mechanics,
		b)  Bode's law,		e)  Gauss' orbital theory.
		c)  inspiration from the discovery of Uranus,

139.	Triton is almost as far from Neptune as the Moon is from Earth but Neptune is over 17 times the mass of the Earth.  So the tides raised by Neptune on Triton are stronger than those raised on the Moon by Earth by a factor of
	a)  4.1,		b)  5.667,	c)  4913,	d)  290,	e)  17.5 times.

140.	Nereid is 14.5 times as far from Neptune as the Moon is from Earth so the Nereid tides are smaller than those on Triton by a factor of
	a)  3900	b)  2500,	c)  44,000	d)  210,	e)  15 times.

141.	The period of a sun-grazing comet whose aphelion distance is the same as Pluto's average distance to the sun is, in years, about
	a)  88,		b)  254,	c)  137,	d)  314,	e)  271.

142.	Most comets have two tails.  One is fairly straight and exhibits
	a)  a smooth even texture that points away from the sun,
	b)  braided features that often point towards the sun,
	c)  knots and features that change from day to day,
	d)  the Fraunhofer spectrum,
	e)  a smooth whispy trail rich in molecular absorption spectra.

143.	Sometimes a spike or "antitail" is seen in association with a comet.  This is
	a)  due to the Poynting-Robertson effect,
	b)  negative ions attracted to the sun,
	c)  a geometric projection effect,
	d)  negative ions deflected by the solar magnetic field,
	e)  positive ions deflected by the solar magnetic field.

144.	The distribution of asteroid orbits show a number of gaps whose existence was interpreted as a resonance phenomenon by
		a)  Secchi,		d)  Hirayama,
		b)  Kirckwood,	e)  van Flandern.
		c)  Lagrange,

145.	Some asteroids cross the Earth's orbit.  These are called the
	a)  Alphars,	b)  Apollos,	c)  Axons,	d)  Atreni,	e)  Alveres.

146.	Meteors form at an altitude (km) of about
	a)  7500,	b)  75,		c)  750,	d)  7.5,		e)  140km.

147.	Meteors strike Mars (escape velocity 5km/s, orbital speed 24km/s) with speeds (km/h) in the range
	a)  5-53,	b)  24-53,	c)  24-58,	d)  19-53,	e)  10-58 km/s.

148.	The waning gibbous moon rises at about
	a)  midnight,	b)  6A.M.,	c)  noon,	d)  6P.M.,	e)  9A.M.

149	A star twice the radius and twice the effective temperature of the sun would be more luminous by a factor of
	a)  4,		b)  16,		c)  64,		d)  256,	e)  1024 times.

150.	A spectral line whose laboratory wavelength is 500.7nm is observed to lie at 500.5nm.  The radial velocity (km/s) would be about
	a)  110,	b)  -130,	c)  -1200,	d)  1200,	e)  13000km/s.
Spoilers:
51  c,d,e,a,c (Hipparchos, actually!)
56  b,c,a,b,d
61  not used
62  e,a,d,b
66  b,e,b,c,d
71  d or e
72  e,e,e,d,b,b, 78 not used (Sept 22)
79  c,b,c,e,c,d, 85 not used
86  b,d,e,d,d,b,c,a,a,b
96  c,e,b,c,    a or c (e=.0763)
101 b,e, b or d
104 e,c,a,d,b,a,d,b,e,e,e,c
116 e,b,b,b,c,a,b
123 b,a,c
126 e,c,b,a,d
131 b,e,d,d,d
136 c,a, not used
139 e,b,a,c,c
144 b,b,b,a, a or d
149 c,b