1)   first noticed the effects of the precession of the equinoxes,c

2)   measured the size of the earth,e

3)   made an atlas of the sky that indicated star brightness in magnitudes,c

4)   measured the relative sizes of, and distances to, the sun and moon,a

5)   measured the length of the year to within a few seconds?c

Who of the following early astronomers

6)   First used a refractor;b

7)   First used a reflector;d

8)   Wrote De Revolutionobus;a

9)   Wrote The Sidereal Messenger;b

10)   Wrote The Principia?d

Which of the following orbital elements,

11)   gives the size of an orbit,a

12)   determines whether the orbit is circular, elliptical or hyperbolic,e

13)   tells where the object is at any time in its orbit,d

14)   causes solar system objects to be found above or below the ecliptic,c

15)   is related to greatest eastern or western elongation? Hint: a=sin(elongation).

16)   is largest,a

17)   is smallest,c

18)   has the fastest orbital speed,c

19)   is now at greatest elongation,c

20)   is now in conjunction with Venus?a

21)   moves through one constellation of the zodiac per year,a 12 constellations, 12 years!

22)   can come nearest to the earth,b

23)   is now a "morning star",a

24)   has the Galilean satellites,a

25)   was seen by Galileo (!) but not discovered until much later?d

26)   is the vernal equinox,c

27)   do sidereal clocks and your wristwatch agree,e

28)   is the zenith distance of the sun at noon about 51° ,winter:d

29)   is earth closest to the sun (perihelion passage),a

30)   does the sun appear to cross the celestial equator from north-to-south,e

31)   does the sun have a declination d=-23.5° ,a is closest…

32)   does the sun have a right ascension a=6h?d

33.)   is the most common large telescope in use by amateur astronomers,a

34.)   was first used to see the phases of Venus,c

35.)   is likely to be used on a spotting ‘scope (or telescopic sight),e

36)   was developed by the person who wrote the Principia,a

37)   has a very poor field of view?c

38)   did Kepler first discover,e

39)   is the orbit of a body having constant speed,c

40)   is the orbit of a body whose angular momentum is not constant,b

41)   is the orbit of the earth,e

42. pertains to a body visiting the solar system from beyond the solar system?d

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Which of the following lunar features
   (a) Copernicus
   (b) Crisium,
   (c) Imbrium,
   (d) Plato
   (e) Tycho
43. is first seen after new moon,b
44. is a brilliantly rayed crater when seen at full moon,e
45. together with Kepler and Aristarchus makes a great trio of craters near last quarter,a
46. is a great basin on the surface of the moon?c

48)   At 8PM tonight, the southern cross (Crux) b

49)   A magnitude difference of 8.5 corresponds to a brightness ratio of (5+2.5+1à c)

   a) 1000,   b) 1296,   c) 2512,   d) 3141,   e) 8500.

50)   An asteroid with a sidereal period of nearly 12 years must have semimajor axis a=5.203

   a) 2.503,   b) 5.203,   c) 3.502,   d) 0.253,   e) 5.023AU.

Bonus mark if you tell me why the "must" is in bold type! Just write on the answer sheet, the sheets are not machine-marked. Must be "trapped" by Jupirer.